Wednesday, 14 May 2025

India’s Push for ‘Sustainable AI’ to Reshape Global AI Discourse

Convergence of interests has been the defining paradigm of exceptionally cordial India-French relations. Leaping forth with an exuberant trust in the strategic partnership, the leaders of both countries addressed and co-chaired the third AI Action Summit in Paris on 11th February. Two core aspects received a great focus in the India-France AI Partnership- Sustainability and innovation.

In a major fillip to renewable energy production, bolstering the vision with action and reaffirming their commitment to climate change, India and France jointly inaugurated the International Solar Alliance (ISA) in November 2015. With 120 signatory countries, the ISA has become a responsive force to reckon with to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. The ISA is shaped by a motto of providing sustainable solutions to mitigate energy security challenges developing countries face. On the sidelines of the 2021 COP 26, in partnership with the ISA and World Bank Group, India and the UK launched the One Sun One World One Grid (OSOWOG) Initiative.

Doubling on its stellar record for climate change efforts, India launched the Coalition of Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI). France was among the initial members to join it and is currently the co-chair. The nub of the India-France strategic partnership is complementarities and shared values. Together they have evolved a framework for climate change action paving the way for a green planet.

Now shifting gears, India which has made outstanding technological advancements in terms of developing a robust digital payment system evinced great interest in scaling the heights of advanced technologies in collaboration with a reliable partner.

Endorsing the potential of the Indian Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI), France welcomed its operationalisation and usage at the Eiffel Tower from September 2023. To harness mutual interests and mutual ambitions, in sync with global technological innovations, India and France affirmed the need for collaborative AI for global partnership and “development of safe, secure and trustworthy Artificial Intelligence, for public good and innovation” on the eve of President Macron’s visit to India for the 75th Republic Day.

India first launched the National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in 2018 and approved the National AI Mission in 2022. Objectively clear about its approach towards AI, India at the G20 Delhi Declaration affirmed its commitment to “harness AI responsibly for good and for all”. Expounding its future course at the Global Partnership on AI (GPAI) Summit, held in New Delhi in December 2023, India advocated for equitable access to critical AI resources and collaborative AI for Global Partnership. At the 2024 Future Summit, India championed the responsible use of technology for global good.

In recognition of India’s approach to AI and advocacy of democratisation of AI, which aligns with the five themes of the AI Action Summit in Paris, President Macron invited PM Modi to co-chair the summit. The five themes were Public Interest AI, the Future of Work, Innovation and Culture, Trust in AI and Global AI governance.

At a time when major powers are clamouring for global leadership in AI, the Paris summit has largely pitched for the “development of AI systems for the global good and the benefit of all”. While underscoring the need for safe, secure and trustworthy artificial systems, France and India stressed the conception, design and development of AI and generative AI that doesn’t “result in discrimination and inequality nor in the dissemination of misinformation and disinformation, exacerbating bias”.

With an unquestionable positive potential, AI is absolutely amazing. However, the flipside is inherent bias, which can be dangerous if AI systems are not properly trained. Highlighting the importance of ridding the AI systems of bias, PM Modi cited the example of an AI app tasked with drawing the image of a person writing with the left hand would end up drawing an image of the person writing with the right hand.

Globally, transformative technologies with immense socio-economic development potential have inadvertently created a deep divide. While countries with deep pockets continue to invest and take huge technological strides, nations lacking the financial wherewithal are deprived of the resourcefulness of technology.

The Paris Summit aims to address these divides. Aptly titled “Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) for People and the Planet”, the focus has been on the “development of free and open resources for all countries, innovators, researchers and citizens, to promote decentralisation”. AI technology can be successfully deployed to accelerate the realisation of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. However, a lack of inclusivity and decentralisation can prevent the Global South from harnessing AI’s immense potential. 

The launch of ChatGPT in 2022 prompted the need for guardrails. The inaugural AI Summit on Safety held in Bletchley Park, UK in 2023 and the AI Seoul Summit in South Korea attempted to assess the risks and capabilities of AI and emphasised the safety aspect.

The sudden splash of disruption caused by China’s DeepSeek has prompted the need for a discussion on open-source versus closed-source with underlying accessibility issues associated with it. It also raised questions about the ethical use of AI such as discrimination, disinformation and bias. Finally, it highlighted the resource-intensive and energy-intensive nature of AI.

To deal resource-intensive aspect, countries have resolved to adopt a multistakeholder, collaborative approach. India, Kenya, Germany, Chile, Finland, Slovenia, France, Nigeria and Morocco have launched a public-interest AI Platform and Incubator to build a trustworthy AI ecosystem. An ecosystem supporting technical assistance and capacity-building projects in data, model development, compute, talent, financing and collaboration.  However, the energy-intensive nature of AI was almost sidelined by all the countries.

For the first time, France and India attempted to address the energy-intensive nature by promoting a discussion on AI and the environment. As per IEA estimates, a single chat-GPT query requires 2.9 watt-hours of electricity against a 0.3 watt-hours of Google search- almost 10 times higher. As the race for AI intensifies, the cumulative “social cost” in terms of increased carbon emissions will be $140 billion by 20301. The demand for power is bound to rise with the rapid expansion of data centres. This can exacerbate environmental deterioration.

Turning attention to the implicit burden on the environment and the need to reduce the carbon footprint, PM Modi advocated for green power and called for Sustainable AI. He said, “Sustainable AI does not only mean using clean energy. AI models must be efficient and sustainable in size, data needs and resource requirements”.

Modi’s advocacy of sustainability is in continuity with its partnership with France on climate action and innovation—the development of safe, open-source AI systems that enhance transparency.  India and France signed a joint declaration on AI, to sustain the momentum through a collaborative partnership.

The Declaration of the first and second iteration of the AI summit were signed by 28 and 10 countries respectively. Barring the US and the UK, 58 countries including India signed the declaration of the Paris AI Action Summit. The Summit heralded the establishment of the AI Foundation and the Council for Sustainable AI.

Endowed with world’s largest AI talent pools, India leads in AI adoption. It is developing AI applications for the public good factoring in huge cultural and linguistic diversities of a vast population. Ardently abetting the deployment of AI systems for a “smarter and responsible future”, donning the leadership role, India announced to hold the next AI Summit.

Showcasing its abilities to leverage digital technology for governance and public services, India is leading by example. With a world vision of “AI for global good”, India is now championing the concerns and needs of the developing world as a responsible voice capable of leading, guiding and partnering.

  

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