Wednesday, 18 March 2015

Vivacious Modi's Ocean Diplomacy


The recently concluded Prime Minister’s 5-day long sojourn to Seychelles, Mauritius and Sri Lanka which ended triumphantly helped India to regain its lost ground in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). The diplomatic lethargy and subdued international posture of India in the past decade took a toll on its stature in the global arena. Realising the urgency to make up for the lost opportunities in its immediate and extended neighbourhood, Prime Minister Modi sprung into action from the day he assumed the office. Meanwhile overarching Chinese aspirations to woo nations in this region with a big purse have propelled India into spirited action.

Indian Ocean has been trade hub for India accounting for more than two-thirds of its trade. Even history indicates that whichever nation had upper hand in this region had greater strategic advantage. Ironically no other Ocean was named after a single country emphasising India’s preeminent status in this region. While India’s land frontiers have been cause of major concern being surrounded by hostile neighbours, the geographically vantage position in the Indian Ocean region confers huge advantages on maritime front. Unfortunately India totally engrossed in guarding its borders frittered away the inherent maritime bounty. By according high policy priority to this region, India made a great comeback to regain its lost strategic, economic and political opportunities.

Furthermore to curtail Chinese encirclement, India should strengthen its naval prowess. Even as the recurrent Chinese incursions along the Himalayan way are keeping Indian forces busy their regular supply of liquefied gas and oil through the waters of Indian Ocean were never impeded. But in the event of massive flare-up along the borders boosting Indian naval forces interdiction of the Sea Lanes of Communication (SLOC) can straighten up Chinese military behaviour along the Himalayas.

Modi’s approach unlike the previous Prime Ministers has been imbued with assurances; generosity, and displayed an inclination to carry out its responsibilities as a high profile nation in IOR. Unambiguous statements, gestures, cordiality and willingness to act vouched for India’s conviction to make a significant mark in this region.

Contrary to the previously aggrandised Modi’s bilateral visits which drew high media glare this tour evinced moderate attention of commercial News channels but was praised highly for its substance and deliverance. During the entire tour Modi has been the cynosure of the local media and people of Indian origin spread across these countries showered unadulterated admiration. With his natural flair and ability to connect up with audience he held them in raptures and received rousing reception. Besides addressing the National Assemblies of these nations, an honour bestowed to closest allies, Modi had several official meetings with businessmen, politicians and other civil servants. He welcomed businessmen by offering visa on arrival and assured them of greater economic benefits.

The first and second phases of the tour to Seychelles and Mauritius were relatively acrimony- free. Modi inked four agreements with Seychelles on hydrography, renewable energy, infrastructure development and sale of electronic navigation charts. Modi gifted a Dornier aircraft and inaugurated coastal Surveillance Radar Project as a symbol of bilateral cooperation. Modi acknowledged the continued support of Seychelles to India in international fora and for endorsing India’s claim for permanent membership of an expanded Security Council. India too espoused its commitment towards climate change crucial for sustainable growth and development of the island nations. Modi secured the leasing of the Assumption Island, one of the 115 islands of Seychelles for its development as a tourist attraction and for its use in surveillance. Relations with Seychelles have been characterised by close cooperation and understanding specifically in defence sector. There have been instances in the past wherein India’s extended its unstinted support and help to Seychelles. During Operation of Flowers of Blooming in 1986 India dispatched its frigates to avert a coup and in 2009 it sent patrolling ships to guard its exclusive economic zone. In 2014 it gifted a naval ship INS Tarasa to augment its surveillance and patrolling capacity.

In Mauritius, nick named chotta bharat Modi was chief guest at their National Day celebrations. He flagged off India-built off shore patrolling vehicle Barracuda and launched the construction of Hindi World Secretariat building. He announced $500 million concessional credit line to Mauritius and signed five agreements in the Ocean economy sector. India offered to set up second cyber city in Mauritius. MoU pertaining to improvement of the sea and air connectivity of Agalega Island of Mauritius was signed. Additionally several MoU were signed in the field of traditional medicine, extending cultural cooperation and for the fresh import of mangoes.

The final leg of tour to Sri Lanka was a tight rope walk for Modi due to palpable apprehensions among the islanders owing to bitter acrimonies of the past. The past 25 years of Indian government functioned under the duress of the coalition partners and jeopardised relationships with Sri Lanka. While the Northern part of the Sri Lanka, the strong hold of Tamils was excited and enthused by the visit of an Indian prime minister after 28 years a section of politicians expressed strong resentment over India’s interference in Sri Lanka’s affairs. The strong objections of the Sri Lankan prime minister about trolling of Indian fishermen and former President’s Rajapaksha’s claim of role of RAW for his defeat in Presidential elections partly took away the sheen.

Amidst reigning cynicism in the island Modi’s visit was keenly monitored. Modi’s unfaltering steps and slew of measures laid robust foundation towards building a strong relationship with Sri Lanka. He tried to invoke the spiritual, historical, ethnic, lingusitic and religious connect between both the nations. With the new President Maithripala Sirisena making India as his first port of call last month followed by Modi’s current visit there has been a new synergy between two sides. Unlike President Rajapaksha’s strong obduracy towards China, Sirisena’s pendency towards India is a welcome relief. Four agreements on customs, visa, youth development and building of Tagore Memorial in Sri Lanka were signed.

Modi visited Jaffna the war ravaged part of Sri Lanka and handed over 27,000 houses built by the Indian government to the Tamils. He urged the Sri Lankan government to enforce the 13th amendment of the constitution which advocates devolving more powers to provinces and stressed for political empowerment of the Tamils. He flagged off a Railway line constructed by Indian government in the Northern Province, promised of developing Trincomalee as a petroleum hub and extended $318 million credit line for Sri Lankan railways. While there is no denying that Sri Lanka cannot shed the tag of human rights violator and resolve the ethnic conflicts in the island without support and assistance of India, there is a deep resistance to the idea of being dependent on India.

The refreshingly robust new foreign policy approach of Modi besides projecting India as a stable and reliable partner made a conscious effort to overhaul ties with immediate neighbourhood. Till now India succumbing to defensiveness shied away from geopolitics realities. But by clear articulation of its foreign policy and strategic interests India tried to reclaim its lost ground.

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