Thursday 29 August 2019

Indo-French multidimensional strategic partnership going from strength to strength



Prime Minister Modi who is on his three-nation visit made his first stop over in France on 22nd. His visit comes a week after “closed door informal consultations” of UNSC members over Kashmir developments on Pakistan’s request duly supported by China.  For all the hullabaloo, to the utter embarrassment of Pakistan the consultations ended without issuing any statement. France and the US firmly supported Indian government’s constitutional changes in J &K. France opposed any formal meet and maintained that the issue must be resolved bilaterally by India and Pakistan. After the dastardly Pulwama attacks, France supported India. It was instrumental in listing of JeM chief Masood Azhar under the UNSC sanctions as designated international terrorist a process stalled by China for a decade.

India and France became strategic partners in 1998. France is India’s strongest European ally and the only European country with which India has structured partnership. President Jacques Chirac who was guest honour for Republic Day parade in 1998 instituted the strategic partnership with India. After four months when India conducted nuclear tests, France refrained from condemning the tests. Chirac recommended lifting of sanctions. France was also supportive of India during the Kargil war and even transferred high level defence technology later. It was the first country to seal the civil nuclear pact with India. France has unique distinction of being guest of honour at Republic Day maximum times. Taking the relationship to a new level, last year during President Macron’s state visit to India countries signed reciprocal military logistics agreement. France is the second country to sign such an agreement after the US.

France has vital interests in both Indian and Pacific Oceans and has 9.1 million square kilometres of exclusive economic zone in Indo-Pacific region. France’s geographical definition of Indo-Pacific exactly matches India’s elucidation. France’s emphasis towards counter terrorism as part of Indo-Pacific security strategy in the aftermath of Islamic State influenced terror attacks in the littoral states of Sri Lanka resonates with Indian concerns. France has standing presence of 8000 troops in the Western Indo-Pacific region to safe guard its interests.

Through the logistics agreement India and France countries have enhanced interoperability between the forces which have been conducted joint (Varuna-naval, Garuda-Air, Shakti-land) exercises for the past 18 years. India and France through robust surveillance China’s Sea Lines of Communication (SLOC) in the Western Indian Ocean region can counter the ambitious maritime power projection of China. To this, end some analysts are even suggesting a “sister cities” kind of arrangement between India’ Andaman Nicobar Islands and France’s Reunion Islands to uphold the freedom of navigation in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). Climate change and its deleterious effects on the littoral states has been point of convergence of both countries. Maritime cooperation between India and France who share common understanding on all aspects of Free and Open Indo-Pacific will be a “win-win” scenario.

Most strikingly, unlike other P5 members France believes in strategic autonomy and never hesitates to stand away from popular western opinion if its interests are compromised. Similarly, India never hesitates to charter independent course to foster its strategic interests.  In the recently concluded Shanghai Dialogue, French Defence Minister released a defence document, titled “France and Security in the Indo-Pacific” highlighting France policy towards Asia-Pacific. Use of Indo-Pacific reflects France’s enhanced attention towards Indian region and by consequence India.

Given President Trump’s repeated flip-flops, withdrawal from multilateral arrangements and anti-globalisation rants, France is seeking to diversify ties with like-minded countries. Facing similar predicaments, India which is looking for a reliable security partner is levitating towards France. Driven by convergence of interests both countries are steadily expanding the ambit a of an enduring friendship. Geopolitically old alliances are crumbling and new friendships are blooming to prep for the new reality of a changing world order. Deeper Indo-French engagement is a consequence of a such geopolitical realignment.

Modi’s visit to France within the first three months of his second term exemplifies India’s renewed interest in strengthening strategic partnership. In a befitting tribute to growing congruence of interests and mutual trust, French President Emmanuel Macron held wide ranging talks with Indian Prime Minister, at Domaine-de-Chantilly, a glorious French castle built over rocky marshlands in an area of 7800 hectares and houses historical paintings, a museum, parks, gardens.

Macron congratulated Modi on his stupendous electoral victory. Modi briefed Macron about the revocation of article 370 and stated that J &K is an integral part of India. Reiterating France’s position, Macron said, “PM Modi told me everything about Kashmir and the situation in J&K. I said Pakistan and India will have to find a solution together and no third party should interfere or incite violence”. Referring to Indo-French friendship Modi said, “Our friendship rests not on selfishness, but on the solid ideals of ‘Liberty, Equality and Fraternity’. This is the reason why India and France have stood shoulder to shoulder to protect freedom and democracy”. 

Defence cooperation has thus far been the mainstay of Indo-French partnership. With India expediting purchase of 36 Rafale jets despite motivated political mudslinging, France is now incentivised to buttress its defence production cooperation with India. France which is India’s major defence partner and involved in building six Scorpene class submarines extended support to “Make in India” giving a fillip to collaborative aerospace and defence industrial production. France was first country to sign civil nuclear agreement with India. Giving wings to civil nuclear cooperation, as agreed, France is all set to begin construction of six nuclear reactors for the Jaitapur nuclear power plant.

Diversifying cooperation, countries exchanged MoUs on Skill Development, renewable energy, cooperation in cyber &digital security and an arrangement to create joint maritime domain awareness. Last year, countries signed a joint strategic vision of cooperation in Indian Ocean Region sharing their concerns, joint challenges towards an open, inclusive, Indo-Pacific. Expanding the latitude of multi-dimensional strategic partnership leaders have now adopted an Indo-French roadmap on Cybersecurity and Digital Technology to foster economic growth and ensure safe internet access.

In line with the theme of the G-7 summit of inclusive, transparent and open digital environment countries have agreed to cooperate on cybercrime, digital governance, foster research and development in Artificial Intelligence. To structure scientific and academic partnership including new research advancement in Artificial Intelligence, countries are holding second knowledge summit at Lyon in October.

India and France who shouldered the responsibility of promoting use of renewable energy through International Solar Alliance (ISA) to mitigate climate change have reaffirmed commitment to combat loss of biodiversity. Countries have resolved to phase out inefficient fossil fuels subsidies.

Both India and France are facing the brunt of burgeoning terrorism. India is victim of cross border terrorism while France is weary of burgeoning Islamic State influence domestically. Mincing no words, France unlike other strategic partners of India called out the bluff of Pakistan. They contended, “terrorism cannot be justified on any grounds whatsoever and it shouldnot be associated with any religion, creed, nationality and ethnicity”. They asked countries to work together to extricate roots of terrorist safe havens and infrastructure “disrupting terrorist networks and their financing channel, halting cross border movement of terrorists belonging to Al Qaeda, Daesh/ISIS, Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), Hizbul Mujahideen, Laskhar-e-Taiba (LeT)” Cognizant of the scourge of online radicalisation, countries advocated implementation of Christchurch call to action to eliminate violent content on internet and implementation of UNSC Resolution 2462 on fighting terrorist financing. France extended support to India’s global conference on terrorism in November. Taking an indirect dig at the predatory trade practices and unsustainable connectivity projects, countries supported implementation of “G20 Principles for Quality Infrastructure Investment”.

France is India’s gateway to Europe and is ninth largest investor in India. Bilateral trade worth $12.95 billion largely in favour of India is much below the potential. To promote bilateral investment and trade and increase ease of market access, countries have agreed to hold high-level economic and financial dialogue.

To uphold spirit of multilateralism both leaders called for urgent UN reforms. France not only supported India’s permanent membership to UNSC but invited India to be part of G-7. President Macron observed, “We wanted India to be part of G7. I have changed some parts about how G7 is organised. Because, there are several matters in which we can’t move without India, there are matters in which India’s presence is important.” France’s new found interest in seeking India’s participation on global issues is an endorsement to its steady rise. Being the 6th largest economy in the World with enviable demographic dividend, India is a land of immense opportunities. Adherence to democratic spirit, transparent functioning, contributions towards peacekeeping further boost its credentials as an emerging power.

Besides the extensive diplomatic outreach, in his special address to Indian Diaspora at France, dedicated a memorial to victims of two air India crashes in 1950 and 1960. He hailed the support of locals in retrieving the remains of the crash. Coining a new term “INFRA” which stands for India and France, Modi fondly recalled the depth of Indo-French bilateral ties. Above all, the consecrating hollow of “Auroville” at Pondicherry a testimony to enriching spiritual sojourn of the Mother, born as Mirra Alfassa in Paris to India to collaborate with Sri Aurobindo will stand as befitting cultural enabler of contemporary Indo-French friendship.

Modi’s proactive and pragmatic diplomacy in the past five years has changed World’s perspective towards India. By shunning decadence and complacence Prime Minister is using every opportunity to contribute and project India’s unique attributes. Common interests are driving nations to come together. By actively participating in global conversations and making useful contributions Modi is making India more relevant and important. Like India, France pursues an independent policy. At a time when World is suffering from lack of consensus on various global issues, India and France are exploring common ground to cooperate and deepen engagement. Trade spates and fissures between big powers are compelling like- minded countries to form coalitions. Indo-French multidimensional partnership is thus an attempt to create a new global agenda.

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