Tuesday 9 May 2017

Ushering into an era of Space Diplomacy


By hoisting the South Asia Satellite (SAS), a communication satellite for free use of all SAARC nations minus Pakistan, Modi government added a new chapter to the Annals of Indian Foreign Policy. The mission which was diligently executed by ISRO with text book precision gave a fresh impetus to South Asia regional cooperation which miserably falls short of its potential in all avenues. The benevolent initiative, announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the November 2014, SAARC summit at Kathmandu has rekindled a new spirit wherein Indian intent was impeccably back by affirmative action. While geostrategic objective deeply nurtured the idea, the “Invaluable gift”, as described by BBC would be of immense help to India’s south Asian neighbors who have been worst victims of natural disasters. The satellite with its immense scientific benefits would certainly add a new depth and dimension to Indian Diplomacy.  India had for various reasons is dubbed as poor deliverer the successful launch of SAS which will be operational within two weeks will augur well Modi’s new doctrine of Neighborhood First Policy.

Rightly recalled as “historic moment” for Indian diplomacy, the SAS, initially named as SAARC satellite, got the present name after Pakistan pulled out from this collective development oriented venture. The launch besides, befittingly positing India as an emerging power in space research projects reiterates that Indian rise unlike the Middle Kingdom is genuinely benign. Scientifically, the project offers numerous benefits like disaster management support, broadcast of meteorological data and strengthening the networking of academic, scientific and research institutions. SAS or GSAT-09, weighing 2230 kg was successfully inserted into the geosynchronous orbit by the GSLV F09 on its eleventh flight and consecutive fourth flight fitted with the indigenous cryogenic upper stage (CUS) from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota on Friday. Over decades India established its credentials as a proven leader in launching satellites weighing less than 2000 kg meticulously into orbits with work-horse PSLV(Polar Satellite Launch Vehicles) but had hiccups in developing Geosynchronous Launch Vehicles (GSLV) capable of inserting heavier satellites over 2000kg into geosynchronous orbits. Navigation and communication satellites are typically very heavy and India had been employing foreign vehicles for launching its own satellites. But having broken this jinx with GSLV by clocking three consecutive successful launches and rigorously tamed the famed “naughty boy” (scientific community fondly refers to GSLV) India promised to build and hoist a communication satellite for exclusive use South Asian neighbors. Accordingly, GSAT-09 was designed with 12 ku transponders catering to the needs to the South Asian region with a mission life of 12 years. Each country is entitled to use one transponder.

Arguments are now rife among the intellectual circles that India can’t override the penetrating Chinese ingression into the South Asian region, since Beijing launched communication satellite for Pakistan and Sri Lanka in 2011 and 2012 respectively. China is also expected to launch communication satellites for both these countries by 2018. Now it is believed that China has offered Afghanistan to develop a satellite, Afghansat-2 when Afghan officials approached Beijing for help in laying a 4800-km optic fiber for internet connectivity. The veracity of these developments is reflected in Kabul’s hesitation to sign a MoU in space cooperation with India. On the contrary, India in collaboration with European Aeronautic Defense and Space Company (EADS) built first satellite for Afghansat-1 in 2008. Mission life of Afghansat-1 is all set to expire around 2020 and hence Kabul grabbed Chinese offer. Bangladesh is all set to have first communication satellite Bangabhandu-1 jointly developed by Italy and France which will be piggy backed by Falcon 9 rocket of Space X later this year. It is now believed that Bangladesh might prefer China over India since Beijing is an established player.

Interestingly, India made forays into space research a year after Pakistan set up its space research Centre, Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Communication (SUPARCO) in 1961 with the help of US. But it could launch indigenously built satellite Badr-1 in 1986. Space research in Pakistan picked up new pace following China’s cooperation since 2011. Intricacies of Sino-Pakistan axis is well known in this region and the nexus is here to stay for long. By and large, Chinese influence is going to prevail in the Asian Subcontinent. China is infusing new energy into its relations with South Asian countries like Nepal, Maldives and Bhutan. But this shouldn’t dither India’s attempts to revitalize its relations with SAARC nations. While India cannot match the levels of Chinese investments, India can certainly make up for the blunders and ignominious impassivity of previous regimes by offering help to countries like Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives in setting up necessary infrastructure for space research. 

It is unfortunate that the decade long UPA regime, during which China derisively pervaded into South Asian region failed to rev up cooperation with SAARC countries. With this priceless gift of SAS, Modi government has made a sincere attempt to salvage engagements with South Asian countries. The unprecedented move of gifting communication satellite to neighbors will truly be reckoned with utmost reverence. The entire cost of building and launching the satellite which accounts for Rs 450 crores is borne by India. BBC in a report estimated that all neighbors would accrue services worth $1.5billion for a period of 12 years. No doubt, China will have an upper hand for beginning early but India’s satellite will early richer dividends in terms of soft diplomacy. Also, Modi’s masterstroke of interacting with heads of states of all countries immediately after the launch through video conferencing reiterated India’s commitment and faith in regional cooperation. Besides, effectively isolating Pakistan, a formidable stumbling block which opposed even regional connectivity networking, SAS infused a new vitality in this regional grouping. Addressing leaders of neighboring countries, Modi said, “this launch tells us that even sky is not the limit when it comes to regional cooperation. The satellite opens up new horizons of engagement and will greatly benefit South Asia and our region’s progress”. All the leaders, in turn, thanked Modi and hailed his initiative. With Chinese threat looming in our backyard, the significance of this benevolent gift can’t be undermined.
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